http://www.dailymonster.com/
http://www.npr.org/
transaction--相互作用 ,处理,办理
http://www.aigachina.org/content.cfm/case-study-npr-org_1
Crisis of perception
As the century draws to a close,enviromental concerns have become of paramount importance. we are faced with a whole series of global problems that are harming the biosphere and human life in alarming ways that may soon become irreversible. We have ample documentation about the extent and significance of these problems.
The more we study the major problems ofour time, the more we come to realize that they cannot be understood in isolation. They are systemic problems, which means that they are interconnected and interdependdent. For example, stabilizing world population will be possible only when poverty is reduced worldwide.The extinction of animal and plant species on a massive scale will continue as long as the Southern Hemisphere is burdened by massive debts. Scracities of resources and environmental degradation combine with rapidly expanding populations to lead to the breakdown of local communities and to the ethnic and tribal violence that has become the main characteristic of the post-cold war era.
Ultimately these problems must be seen as just different faces of one single crisis, which is largely a crisis of perception. It derives from the fact that most of us, and especially our large social institutions, subscribe to the concepts of an outdated worldview, a perception of reality inadequate for dealing with our overpopulated, globally interconnected world.
There are solutions to the major problems of our time, some of them even simple. But they require a radical shift in our perceptions, our thinking, our values. And, indeed, we are now at the beginning of such a fundamental change of worldview in science and society, a change of paradigm as radical as the Copernican revolution.
哥白尼革命(Copernican revolution)
在对行星运动现象的解释上,相对于传统的托勒密的地心说的理论框架,N.哥白尼建立了新的思维模式,主张地球在运动,而太阳是不动的,并处于宇宙的中心。这个假说得到了开普勒和牛顿的证实,成为近代科学发展的里程碑。在解释知识的本性时,相对于传统形而上学关于“集训必须符号对象”的立场,康德的批判哲学努力建立这种观点:对象必须符合我们的认识,知性是自然的立法 者。因而康德在《纯粹理性批判》第二版的序言中作出了一个著名的类比,把他在哲学中提出的新的思维模式与哥白尼在天文学中所提出的新学说相类比。他认为, 在提出客体必须符合我们的认识这一立场时,他正在“沿着哥白尼基本假设同样的路线而前进”。可以把我们的经验的明显特征归属于我们自己,而不是我们的经验 对象。评论家们因而把康德哲学作为形而上学中的哥白尼革命。此外,哥白尼的命题只是一个假说,康德则宣称,他通过考察直观形式和范畴的本性已经无可置疑地 论证了他的命题。
radical--根本的,激进的
inadequate--不充分的;不适当的;不够格的;不能胜任的
reality 事实,实际存在的事物
worldview世界观;
同意;支持
I don't subscribe to such views.
我不同意这样的观点。
I don't subscribe to such views.
我不同意这样的观点。
Ultimately, 最后;终极地[Z]
Ultimately they did get the police to come.
他们最终叫来了警察。
Post-Cold War Era 是“后冷战时代”(八十年代末九十年代初的苏联东欧剧变,把世界带入了一个崭新的时代,这就是所谓“后冷战时代”)
ethnic 种族(上)的;人种学的
tribal violence--部族暴力(tribal violence)
breakdown--衰竭,垮台
(机器等的)故障,损坏
Our car had a breakdown on the road.
我们的汽车在路上抛锚了。
degradation---.下降,降低;降级 2 堕落;丢脸 moral degradation 道德堕落
scarcity--缺乏,不足;匮乏;萧条(时期);荒(年)[C][U][(+of)]
The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.
水果缺乏是由干旱引起的。
draw to
1.向……移动;逼近
become of----发生于,发生...情况
What has become of John?
约翰怎么样啦?
paramount 至高无上的;最重要的;主要的[Z]
The interests of the child are paramount.
小孩的利益是最重要的。
ample 大量的,丰富的,充裕的
biosphere--生物圈
irreversible. --不可逆的;不能翻转的;不能取消的;不能倒置的
isolation--孤立, 隔离;孤立;脱离
a feeling of total isolation
完全孤立的感觉
interdependent----互相依赖的,互相依存
interconnect---使互相连接;使互相联系
reduce--缩小
deep ecology 广义生态学, 深生态学 (积极宣传人类应与动植物及环境保持协调的生态活动)
paradigm--范例,减少了的;降低的;缩小的;沦落的
奈斯1973年提出「深層生態學」(deep ecology)的概念,他認為過去的環境運動是「淺層生態學」,其中心目標在保護已開發國家人民的健康和福祉,所以側重於反對環境汙染和資源耗竭等議 題,是一種「人在環境中」(man-in-environment)的觀點。但「深層生態學」是以更整體的、非人類為中心的觀點,找出造成這些環境問題的 社會及人文病因。所以深層生態學可以看成是一種哲學取向,因為它認為環境問題可以溯及其「深層」哲學根源。也就是說如果要根絕環境問題,必須先扭轉我們的 哲學觀或世界觀,進而改變社會的經濟結構及意識形態,才能徹底解決環境問題。
深層生態學者稱造成目前各種環境危機的世界觀為「主流世界 觀」(dominant worldview),並提出新的替代觀點,奈斯統稱這種替代的世界觀為「生態哲學」(ecophilosophy)。這些替代的世界觀的特點之一是改革 是必須的,各行各業的人都可以貢獻所長以促進改革,所以像企業家、科學家、藝術家、政治家都可以成為深層生態學者。
perception---感知,感觉;察觉[U]
His perception of the change came in a flash.
他在一瞬间察觉到了这一变化。
他在一瞬间察觉到了这一变化。
2.
3.感知能力;洞察力[U]认识,观念;看法[C][(+of)]
My perception of the problem is quite different.
我对这个问题的理解则完全不同。
My perception of the problem is quite different.
我对这个问题的理解则完全不同。
She is a woman of keen perception.
她是一个感觉敏锐的女人。
implication
1.
牵连;涉及;卷入[U][(+in)]
The driver's implication in the crime was never proved.
司机与那起案件有牵连一事从未得到证实。
The driver's implication in the crime was never proved.
司机与那起案件有牵连一事从未得到证实。
2.
含义;言外之意;暗示[C][U][+that][(+for)]
Did you gather the implications of her remark?
你猜到她那番话的含义了吗?
I resent your implication that my work is unsatisfactory.
我讨厌你这话的弦外之音,似乎我的工作不能令人满意。
Did you gather the implications of her remark?
你猜到她那番话的含义了吗?
I resent your implication that my work is unsatisfactory.
我讨厌你这话的弦外之音,似乎我的工作不能令人满意。
3.
【逻】蕴涵